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Computing

Books with 1 author

In-text citation

Stroustrup (2013, p. 20) or (Stroustrup, 2013, p. 20)

Reference list

Stroustrup, B. (2013) The C++ programming language. 4th edn. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Addison-Wesley.

Books with either 2 or 3 editors

In-text citation

(Barker and van Schaik, 2010, p. 46) or Barker and van Schaik (2010, p. 46)

Reference list

Barker, P. and van Schaik, P. (eds) (2010) Electronic performance support: using technology to enhance human performance. Farnham: Gower.

Books with more than 3 authors

In-text citation

(Coulouris et al. 2012, p. 46) or Coulouris et al. (2012, p. 46)

Reference list

Coulouris, G. et al. (2012) Distributed systems: concepts and design. 5th edn. Harlow: Pearson Education.

Chapter within a book

In-text citation

(Tang and Wan, 2010, p. 570) or Tang and Wa (2010, p. 570)

Reference list

Tang, W. and Wan, T. R. (2010) 'Yarn and fancy yarn design using three-dimensional computer graphics and visualization techniques', in Alagirusamy, R. and Das, A. (eds) Technical textile yarns. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited, pp. 568-585.

Ebook (if content differs from the print version)

If ebook includes all the same elements as the print version e.g. page numbers, edition, publication details, reference it as though it was a print book.

If ebook is available on an edivice (Kindle, smartphones and tablets) the elements might not be the same as the print version.  If this is the case you need to use the information you do have (loc, %, chapter/page), for example (Richards, 2012, 67%); (Winters, 2011, ch. 4, p. 12). You should also include the date that you downloaded them.

In-text citation

(Adams, 1979, loc 876) or Adams (1979, loc 876)

Reference list

Adams, D. (1979) The hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/kindle-ebooks (Downloaded: 28 August 2013).

 

Secondary referencing

In-text citation

(Macmillan and Crelman,1991, cited in Wickens, 2002, p.37)

Reference list

Wickens, T.D. (2002) Elementary signal detection theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Blogs

In-text citation

(Robinson, 2012) or Nick Robinson (2012) noted the 'Cameron Direct' phenomenon.

Reference list

Robinson, N. (2012) 'Cameron Direct', Nick Robinson's newslog, 4 June. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/nickrobinson/ (Accessed: 11 October 2012).

Journal articles with 1 author

In-text citation

(Zhang, 2011) or Zhang (2011)

Reference list

Zhang, L. (2011) 'Affect sensing and contextual affect modeling from improvisational interaction', International Journal of Computational Linguistics, 1(4), pp. 45-60.

Journal articles with either 2 or 3 authors

In-text citation

(Truran, Schmakeit and Ashman, 2011) or Truran, Schmakeit and Ashman (2011)

Reference list

Truran, M., Schmakeit, J-F. and Ashman, H. (2011) 'The effect of user intent on the stability of search engine results', Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(7), pp. 1276-1287.

Journal articles with more than 3 authors

In-text citation

(Paige et al., 2011) or Paige et al. (2011)

Reference list

Paige, R. et al. (2011) 'High-integrity agile processes for the development of safety critical software', International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems, 2(2), pp. 181-216.

Conference proceedings with up to 3 authors (published on the internet)

In-text citation

(Shahi, Issac and Modapothala, 2012) or Shahi, Issac and Modapothala (2012)

Reference list

Shahi, A., Issac, B. and Modapothala, J. (2012) 'Enhanced intelligent text categorization using concise keyword analysis', Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Innovation, Management and Technology Research. Malacca, Malaysia, 21-22 May. IEEE. doi: 10.1109/ICIMTR.2012.6236461.

Conference proceedings with more than 3 authors

In-text citation

(Gilroy et al., 2012) or Gilroy et al. (2012)

Reference list

Gilroy, S. et al. (2012) 'Exploring passive user interaction for adaptive narratives', Proceedings of the 17th ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. Lisbon, Portugal. 14-17 February. New York: ACM, pp.119-128.

Conference proceedings with more than 3 authors (published on the internet)

In-text citation

(Naveed et al., 2012) or Naveed et al. (2012)

Reference list

Naveed, M. et al. (2012) 'A Monte-Carlo path planner for dynamic and partially observable environments', Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games. Granada, Spain, 11-14 September. IEEE. doi: 10.1109/CIG.2012.6374158.

Websites

In-text citation

Education World (2002) or (Education World, 2002)

Reference list

Education World (2002) Student guide to avoiding plagiarism. Available at: http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/TM/curr390_guide.shtml (Accessed: 8 March 2012).